Glossary

Master crypto trading with clear, concise definitions of key terms and concepts.

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Bollinger Bands

Bollinger Bands plot volatility around a moving average. Learn the Bollinger Squeeze, walking the bands in trends, and using %B as an oscillator in crypto.

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Accumulation

Accumulation is the phase where smart money builds positions before a rally. Spot it with Wyckoff phases, on-chain outflows and volume behaviour.

AddressDelegation

Address delegation lets holders earn staking rewards by assigning voting rights to a validator while keeping custody of their own tokens.

ADX (Average Directional Index)

ADX measures trend strength from 0 to 100 regardless of direction. Learn what the 20, 25 and 40 thresholds mean, plus DI+/DI- crossovers.

Aggregated Order Books: All Crypto Exchange Orders in One Place

Aggregated order books merge buy and sell orders from multiple crypto exchanges into one view of depth, price and arbitrage opportunities.

Airdrop

A crypto airdrop sends free tokens to wallet addresses to reward early users. Learn the types, how to qualify, how to spot scams and the tax rules.

Algorithm

Algorithms are the rule sets behind crypto: consensus, hashing and trading bots. See how each type shapes security, supply and the markets you trade.

AlgorithmicStablecoin

Algorithmic stablecoins hold their peg with smart contracts and supply changes, not collateral. How rebasing works, why TerraUSD collapsed, and the depeg risks.

All-Time Low (ATL)

The lowest price or value an asset has reached in its trading history.

AllTimeHighATH

An all-time high (ATH) is the highest price an asset has reached. Learn to trade breakouts above ATH, why new highs trigger FOMO, and using ATH as resistance.

AllTimeLowATL

An all-time low (ATL) is the lowest price an asset has traded. Learn to spot capitulation bottoms, use ATL as psychological support, and avoid falling knives.

Alpha

Excess return above a benchmark, the holy grail of trading that decays faster in crypto than any other asset class.

Altcoin

Altcoins are every cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin. Compare the types of altcoins, how they differ from BTC, and how altcoin season works.

AMM

AMM explained: how automated market makers price trades with a formula instead of an order book, and what that means for slippage and liquidity.

Application Programming Interface (API)

A collection of protocols and tools that enables different software applications to communicate and exchange data with each other.

Application Programming Interface (API)

A collection of protocols and tools that enables different software applications to communicate with each other.

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)

A specialized computer chip designed for a specific purpose, commonly used in cryptocurrency mining.

ApplicationProgrammingInterfaceAPI

An API lets software talk to other software, and in crypto it powers trading bots and market data. Learn how exchange and blockchain APIs work for traders.

ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuitASIC

An ASIC is a chip built for exactly one task and it dominates Bitcoin mining. Learn how ASIC miners work and why they made GPU mining obsolete.

Arbitrage

Arbitrage buys and sells the same asset across markets to profit from price gaps. Learn the types of crypto arbitrage and if retail traders can still profit.

ASIC Resistant

A property of cryptocurrency mining algorithms that aims to prevent or reduce the effectiveness of ASIC mining hardware.

ASICResistant

ASIC resistance aims to keep mining in reach of GPUs by using memory-hard algorithms. See how it works, why it fails, and what it means for miners.

Ask Me Anything (AMA)

Interactive community Q&A sessions where project teams answer questions, often moving crypto prices with announcements.

Ask Price

Lowest price a seller accepts for an asset, forming the upper bound of the bid-ask spread and your buy price as a taker.

Atomic Swap

Trustless cross-chain cryptocurrency exchange using smart contracts that execute both sides simultaneously or not at all.

ATR (Average True Range)

ATR measures market volatility, not direction. Use average true range for position sizing, 2x ATR stops and spotting a volatility regime change.

Auto Deleveraging (ADL)

Auto-deleveraging (ADL) force-closes profitable positions when the insurance fund cannot cover a liquidation. Learn how ADL ranking works and how to avoid it.

AutomaticReplayProtection

Replay protection stops a transaction on one chain from being replayed on a forked chain. Learn how it works at hard forks and how replay attacks drain wallets.

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Backwardation

Backwardation is when futures trade below spot, a rare and extreme signal in crypto. Learn its causes, what it says about fear, and how to trade it.

Bagholder

A bagholder holds a losing position too long, hoping it recovers. Learn the psychology, the sunk cost fallacy, and how to avoid becoming one in crypto.

Bakkt: ICE's Regulated Bitcoin Futures Platform and Its Market Impact

Bakkt is ICE's regulated digital asset platform offering physically-settled Bitcoin futures. Learn how it brought institutional capital into crypto.

Basis

The basis is the gap between spot and futures prices, a real-time gauge of sentiment. Learn how it sets funding rates and powers basis trading in crypto.

Basis Points

A basis point is one-hundredth of a percent (0.01%). Learn why funding rates, fees, and spreads quoted in bps compound into a crypto trader's biggest cost.

Batch Auction: How Order Aggregation Improves Crypto Price Discovery

A batch auction collects orders over a window and executes them all at one clearing price. Learn how it cuts front-running and improves crypto price discovery.

Bear Market: Understanding Downtrends, Capitulation & Recovery in Crypto

A bear market is a prolonged fall of 20% or more from the highs. Learn how crypto winters unfold, how to manage risk, and where the opportunity hides.

Beta

Volatility relative to the market, how much your portfolio amplifies or dampens Bitcoin's moves.

Bid Ask Imbalance

Bid-ask imbalance is skewed volume on one side of the order book. Learn how it predicts short-term direction and the thresholds that separate noise from signal.

Bid-Ask Spread: The Hidden Cost Every Crypto Trader Pays

The bid-ask spread is the gap between buy and sell prices. Learn how spreads and slippage quietly decide whether your crypto strategy stays profitable.

Bitcoin

The world's first cryptocurrency - digital money that works without banks or governments. Think of it as email for cash.

Blockchain

Decentralized distributed ledger technology recording immutable transactions across network nodes, powering all cryptocurrencies.

Bollinger Bands

Bollinger Bands plot volatility around a moving average. Learn the Bollinger Squeeze, walking the bands in trends, and using %B as an oscillator in crypto.

Break of Structure (BOS)

A Break of Structure is price breaking a prior swing high or low, signaling a trend change. Learn internal vs external BOS and how to trade it.

Breakout

A breakout is price moving beyond support or resistance with momentum. Learn volume confirmation, retests, false breakouts, and how to trade them in crypto.

Bull and Bear Markets — Explained for Crypto Traders

Bull market and bear market explained: phases of the crypto market cycle, identifying signs, average duration, and how traders succeed in each market phase.

Bull Market: Riding Uptrends, FOMO Dynamics & Profit-Taking in Crypto

A bull market is a sustained rise in asset prices driven by buying pressure. Learn to ride crypto uptrends, manage FOMO, and lock in profits before the turn.

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Candlestick Patterns

Visual price formations on charts showing open, high, low, close data that signal potential reversals or continuations.

Carry Trade

A carry trade profits from funding rate or basis differentials between spot and futures. Learn how crypto market-neutral carry strategies generate yield.

Chart Patterns

Recognizable price formations on charts predicting continuations or reversals through support, resistance, and breakout analysis.

CMF (Chaikin Money Flow)

Chaikin Money Flow weighs closing price within the bar range by volume to gauge accumulation. Learn CMF zero-line crosses and divergence for crypto trading.

Consensus Mechanism

A consensus mechanism is how blockchain nodes agree on one shared ledger. Learn how PoW and PoS differ on security, speed, and exchange deposit finality.

Consolidation

Price moving sideways in a range, the quiet phase where the next trend is being built, and range traders extract profits before the breakout.

Contango

Contango is when futures trade above spot, the normal state of a healthy crypto market. Learn what drives it and how it sets funding rates.

Conviction

Confidence level in a trade thesis, the difference between disciplined size scaling and stubborn refusal to accept you're wrong.

Copy Trading

Automatically replicating another trader's positions, the path of least resistance that usually ends at the same destination as the copied trader: zero.

Correlation

How two assets move relative to each other, the relationship that builds fortunes when understood and destroys portfolios when ignored.

Cross Margin

Cross margin shares eligible collateral across positions under exchange rules. Learn how that changes account-level exposure and liquidation risk.

Cryptocurrency

Digital currency secured by cryptography on decentralized blockchain networks, enabling peer-to-peer trading without central intermediaries.

Cryptocurrency Derivatives Analysis

A detailed analysis of cryptocurrency derivatives and their role in the market

Cryptocurrency Investment Platforms

An article about cryptocurrency investment platforms, their advantages, and how they can help crypto traders and investors

Cryptocurrency Sortino Ratio Analysis

An article about Sortino ratio analysis for cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrency Support & Resistance Analysis

Learn about the importance of support and resistance levels in cryptocurrency trading and how to trade them

Cup and Handle

The Cup and Handle is a bullish continuation pattern with a rounded base and a shallow pullback. Learn ideal handle depth and how to trade it.

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Dark Pool

Private exchange for large institutional trades, hidden order flow that signals where smart money is positioning before it shows up on public order books.

Day Trading

Opening and closing positions within the same trading session, the most common path to failure and, for the disciplined few, a genuine edge.

DCA

Dollar-Cost Averaging, investing fixed amounts at regular intervals to remove timing risk and build positions through all market conditions.

Delta

Delta measures how much an option moves for a $1 move in the underlying. Learn how dealer delta-hedging creates predictable spot flows linked to gamma squeezes.

Demand Zone

Price area where buying overpowers selling, the support counterpart to supply zones that creates the best risk-reward long entries in any market.

Depth of Market (DOM)

Depth of market shows resting bid and ask quantity at each price level. Learn what an order book snapshot includes and where its limits begin.

Derivatives

Financial contracts deriving value from underlying crypto assets, enabling leverage, hedging, and sophisticated trading strategies.

DEX

Decentralized Exchange, a peer-to-peer marketplace for trading crypto without intermediaries, using smart contracts and AMMs to facilitate trustless swaps.

Distribution

Distribution is the phase where smart money sells into strength to late buyers. Learn on-chain, volume, and Wyckoff signals that flag a top before the decline.

Doji

A Doji is a candlestick whose open and close are nearly equal, signaling indecision. Learn Dragonfly vs Gravestone Doji and why context decides its meaning.

Dollar Milkshake Theory

Dollar Milkshake Theory explains how US dollar strength drains global liquidity from crypto and risk assets, and why DXY often moves opposite Bitcoin.

Donchian Channel

Donchian Channel plots the highest high and lowest low over N periods to flag breakouts, with channel width as a trend and volatility gauge.

Double Bottom

The Double Bottom is a bullish reversal pattern with two troughs at similar levels, confirmed when price closes above the neckline on rising volume.

Double Top

The Double Top is a bearish reversal pattern with two peaks at similar levels, confirmed when price breaks the trough between them on fading demand.

Drawdown

Peak-to-trough decline in trading account, the real risk metric that determines whether you survive long enough to profit.

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Fair Value Gap (FVG)

Price imbalance where the market moved too fast leaving untraded prices, these gaps act as magnets that pull price back for a fill.

Fear and Greed Index

Crypto's most popular sentiment gauge, extreme fear historically marks buying opportunities, but blind adherence to the index is a losing strategy.

Fibonacci Retracement

Fibonacci Retracement levels mark likely support and resistance at 0.382, 0.5 and 0.618, and work best when they align with other confluence zones.

Flag Pattern

The Flag Pattern is a short consolidation against the trend that marks a pause, not a reversal, and the breakout resumes the flagpole move.

Flash Loan

A Flash Loan is an uncollateralized loan borrowed and repaid inside one blockchain transaction, powering DeFi arbitrage, liquidations and major exploits.

FOMO

Fear of Missing Out, the emotion that makes you buy tops and sell bottoms, functioning as a remarkably reliable contrary indicator.

FUD

Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt, the emotion that creates the best buying opportunities in crypto if you can distinguish real risk from manufactured panic.

Fully Diluted Valuation

Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV) prices every token that will ever exist, exposing the dilution risk that market cap alone hides.

Funding Rate

Funding rate is a periodic payment between long and short perpetual contract holders. Its sign, formula, and settlement schedule depend on the exchange.

Funding Rate Arbitrage

Funding Rate Arbitrage earns the perpetual funding premium with a delta-neutral spot versus perp position, yielding returns independent of price direction.

Futures

Standardized contracts to buy or sell crypto at a set price on a future date, enabling leverage, shorting, and hedging.

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Layer 1

The base blockchain that handles transaction execution, consensus, and data availability without depending on another chain for security.

Layer 2

Layer 2 scales a base chain by executing transactions off-chain and posting proofs back, cutting fees and boosting throughput while inheriting L1 security.

Leverage

Leverage is the ratio between a derivatives position's notional value and its supporting margin. It magnifies PnL relative to margin and affects liquidation distance.

Limit Order

A Limit Order buys or sells only at a set price or better, giving price certainty over execution certainty and earning maker rebates.

Linear Contract

A Linear Contract is quoted and settled in stablecoins, so P&L equals quantity times the price change, making it the dominant crypto future.

Liquidation

When the exchange forcibly closes your trade because you lost too much. It's the repo man coming for your car, only faster and without warning.

Liquidation Cascade

A liquidation cascade forms when forced position closures add selling or buying pressure and trigger further liquidations. Learn the mechanics and limits of cluster estimates.

Liquidation Price

Liquidation Price is the level where a leveraged position is force-closed and its margin is lost, moving closer to entry as leverage rises.

Liquidity

Liquidity measures how easily a position can be entered or exited without moving price, shaping slippage, fill quality and real support and resistance.

Liquidity Heatmap

A Liquidity Heatmap color-codes order book depth by price level, revealing where buy and sell orders cluster and where price will meet support or resistance.

Long Position

Long position management in crypto derivatives: sizing, funding carry, and the psychology that shakes most longs out before the real move.

Long/Short Ratio (L/S Ratio) — Explained

Long Short Ratio explained: What is the long/short ratio, how to read the L/S ratio, contrarian signals, and using it for crypto trading decisions.

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MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)

MACD explained: the histogram turns before every crossover, zero-line rejections flag trend continuations, and daily MACD filters crypto noise.

Margin

Margin is collateral that supports a derivatives position. Initial and maintenance requirements shape position capacity and the exchange's liquidation process.

Mark Price

Mark price is an exchange reference used to value derivatives positions and assess liquidation risk. Learn how it differs from last price and index price.

Market Analysis

Market analysis combines technical, fundamental, and sentiment reads into one process that stacks the odds before you place a crypto trade.

Market Capitalization

Total value of a cryptocurrency calculated as price multiplied by circulating supply. The most used and most misunderstood valuation metric in crypto.

Market Cycles

Market cycles run through accumulation, markup, distribution, and markdown. Read the phase to time and size your crypto trades.

Market Maker

Market makers quote both sides and hedge delta, creating mechanical flows and magnetic price levels that traders can anticipate.

Market Order

A market order fills now at the best available price. See when speed beats price, what spread and slippage really cost, and how to size execution.

Market Price

Market price is where buyers and sellers actually meet. See how bid, ask, spread, and mid-price shape the price you get filled at.

Market Profile

Market Profile organizes price by time and volume, exposing fair value, value areas, and the point of control most traders overlook.

Market Structure

Market structure reads highs and lows to show trend direction: bullish, bearish, or ranging. It is the base layer of all technical trading.

MarketDepth

Market depth shows the full order book behind the quoted price, revealing slippage risk and where large buy and sell walls sit.

Max Pain

Max pain is the strike where the most options expire worthless. See when the expiry price magnet works, when it fails, and how to trade it.

Mean Reversion

Betting that price returns to its average, the highest win-rate strategy that destroys accounts when the regime shifts to trending.

MEV

Maximal Extractable Value, the profit validators, sequencers, and bots can extract by reordering, inserting, or censoring transactions within a block.

MFI (Money Flow Index)

Money Flow Index is a volume-weighted RSI. Learn MFI overbought and oversold levels, divergence signals, and how volume confirms crypto trends.

Momentum Trading

Betting that trends continue, the strategy that captures the biggest crypto moves but suffers brutal reversals when momentum breaks.

Moving Average

Moving averages turn price chaos into one trend line. Learn which periods matter, why 20, 50, and 200 win, and how to read the slope.

MVRV

Market Value to Realized Value ratio, the single most powerful on-chain valuation metric for identifying Bitcoin cycle tops and bottoms.

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Parabolic SAR (Stop and Reverse)

Parabolic SAR plots dots that flip to signal trend direction and trail stops, plus why it whipsaws in chop and pairs best with ADX.

Pennant

A pennant is a small symmetrical triangle after a sharp move. Learn pennant vs flag, breakout probability, and how to trade the continuation.

Perpetual Futures

Perpetual futures never expire and use funding rates instead of settlement. Learn the mechanism that made crypto derivatives dominant.

Perpetual Swaps

Perpetual swaps are derivatives without a preset expiration date. Funding payments and exchange price references help keep each contract near its underlying market.

Pivot Points

Pivot points derive support and resistance from the prior high, low, and close. Compare floor, Woodie, and Camarilla levels and how to trade them.

Position Sizing

Position sizing sets trade quantity from account risk and the distance to an exit level. A worked example shows the basic calculation and its limits.

Price Action

Price action trading reads raw candlesticks, structure, and patterns without indicators to find high-probability crypto entries and exits.

Price Impact

Price impact is the price change caused by an order consuming available liquidity. Learn how it differs from slippage and how to estimate it from order book levels.

Profit Factor

Gross profit divided by gross loss, the simplest profitability check that separates real edge from gambling.

Proof of Stake

Proof of stake secures networks with staked collateral and slashing. See how staking yield, unbonding, and liquid staking shape crypto supply.

Proof of Work

Consensus mechanism where miners expend computational energy to validate transactions, securing the network through verifiable energy expenditure.

Pump and Dump

A pump and dump inflates a token then sells into retail FOMO. Learn the lifecycle and the on-chain signals that reveal a dump before it happens.

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Realized Price

The average on-chain cost basis of all Bitcoin ever purchased, an aggregate breakeven reference that bear market lows have historically clustered around.

Resistance Zone

Resistance Zone is a price ceiling where sellers cap rallies. Learn short entries into resistance, take-profit targets, and how breakouts flip it to support.

Reversal

Change in trend direction, the most profitable and most dangerous event in trading, where fortunes are made identifying real reversals and lost on false ones.

Risk Management

Systematic approach to identifying and limiting trading losses through position sizing, stop losses, and exposure controls.

Risk Management for Crypto Traders — Complete Guide

Risk management in crypto trading explained: position sizing, stop-loss, leverage rules, drawdown control, and how to protect your account long-term.

Risk of Ruin

Risk of ruin describes the chance that a trading account reaches a defined loss threshold over a chosen period. Learn which assumptions shape the estimate.

Risk-Reward Ratio

Measure comparing potential profit to potential loss per trade, essential for determining long-term trading profitability.

Rollup

A Rollup runs transactions off-chain and posts compressed proofs to Ethereum, inheriting L1 security. Learn optimistic vs ZK rollups and their trading impact.

RSI (Relative Strength Index)

RSI measures momentum on a 0-100 scale. Learn divergence types, why overbought stays overbought in crypto trends, and how to trade RSI.

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Sandwich Attack

MEV attack that sandwiches your trade between two attacker transactions, the silent predator of DeFi that you can defend against with proper slippage settings.

Scalping

Ultra-short-term trading capturing small price movements, high frequency, low margin for error, entirely dependent on execution quality.

Sentiment

Overall market attitude, the crowd's emotional state that is most useful at extremes, where it becomes a powerful contrary indicator.

Sharpe Ratio

Risk-adjusted return measure, how much return you earn per unit of volatility you endure.

Short Position

A Short Position profits when price falls. Learn short squeeze mechanics, funding rate carry income, and why shorts hold an edge at crypto market tops.

Slippage

Slippage is the difference between a reference price and an order's fill price. Learn how liquidity, timing, and order type affect execution.

Slippage Tolerance

Slippage Tolerance caps the price deviation you accept on an order. Learn how to size it to volatility so DEX swaps fill without sandwich attack losses.

SMA (Simple Moving Average)

The Simple Moving Average weights every period equally. Learn SMA support and resistance, golden and death crosses, and why institutions trade these levels.

Smart Contract

A Smart Contract is self-executing code on a blockchain that enforces agreements automatically. Learn how DeFi works and where contract risk really sits.

SOPR

SOPR measures whether coins moved on-chain are sold in profit or loss. Learn how SOPR below 1 signals capitulation and has marked Bitcoin cycle bottoms.

Sortino Ratio

Downside-only risk-adjusted return, the metric that rewards upside volatility while penalizing only the bad kind.

Spoofing

Placing fake orders to manipulate perception, illegal in traditional markets, rampant in crypto, and detectable if you know the patterns to watch for.

Spot Price

Current market price for immediate asset delivery, serving as the reference for all crypto derivatives pricing and mark-to-market calculations.

Spread

The Spread is the gap between best bid and ask, your first cost on every trade. Learn how spread widening signals liquidity stress and incoming volatility.

Stablecoin

Cryptocurrency pegged to an external asset, primarily USD, serving as the plumbing of crypto markets for trading, settlement, and DeFi collateral.

Staking

Staking locks tokens to secure a proof-of-stake network in return for rewards. Learn the liquidity tradeoff, liquid staking derivatives, and unbonding risk.

Stochastic Oscillator

The Stochastic Oscillator measures where price sits within its recent range. Learn overbought and oversold reads in ranges and why trends turn them into traps.

Stop Loss

A Stop Loss closes a position automatically at a set price to cap losses. Learn ATR-based placement, stop hunting, and why tight stops hurt profitability.

Stop-Loss and Take-Profit — Explained for Crypto Traders

Stop-loss and take-profit explained: types of stop orders, trailing stop, OCO orders, and how to build professional risk management in crypto trading.

Supply Zone

A Supply Zone is a price area where sellers repeatedly overwhelm buyers. Learn to identify fresh zones before the retest and trade them with liquidation maps.

Support Zone

A Support Zone is a price floor where buyers repeatedly absorb selling. Learn zone versus line thinking, the polarity principle, and how to rate zone strength.

SupportAndResistance

The invisible floor and ceiling that stop prices from falling or rising. Think of them as price barriers where traders fight for control.

Swing Trading

Holding positions for days to weeks capturing multi-percent moves, the sweet spot between scalping's noise and investing's patience.

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Take Profit

A Take Profit order closes a position automatically at your target. Learn Fibonacci and structure targets, partial exits, and trailing TP mechanics.

Technical Analysis

Study of historical price action, volume, and chart patterns to forecast market direction and identify trading opportunities.

Thesis

Structured reasoning behind a trade, separates professional decision-making from emotional gambling and creates a framework for learning from results.

Theta

Theta is how much option premium decays each day. Learn why decay accelerates near expiry and how option sellers turn theta into steady crypto income.

Tokenomics

Tokenomics covers a token's supply schedule, distribution, unlocks, and value capture. Learn to read emissions and vesting before you take a position.

Total Value Locked

Total Value Locked is the capital deposited in a DeFi protocol's contracts. Learn how TVL measures adoption and how emissions and double counting inflate it.

TradingVolume

The heartbeat of the market, how much is actually being bought and sold. Like counting how many people walked into a store.

Trailing Stop

A Trailing Stop follows price as a trade moves in your favor, locking in gains. Learn ATR-based trail distance and when a tight trail costs you the big move.

Trend

Directional price movement over time, the dominant force in markets that makes trend followers rich and trend fighters broke.

Triangle Pattern (Ascending, Descending, Symmetrical)

Triangle patterns compress price toward an apex before a breakout. Learn ascending, descending, and symmetrical triangles, apex timing, and how to trade them.

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